A series of new N-substituted 5-arylidenerhodanine derivatives (D1-D10) were synthesized starting from 5- arylidenerhodanines. The 5-arylidinerhodanines were reacted with 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone in presence of potassium hydroxide and dimethyl formamide under microwave conditions to give N-substituted 5-arylidenerhodanine derivatives. The synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of spectral data and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against two different human cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The cytotoxic activity results revealed that the synthesized compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit HT-29 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) cancer cell lines against reference drug methotrexate. Among the compounds tested, the most active compounds (4-trifluoro, 2- thienyl and 4-fluoro-substituted) possess significant cytotoxic activity against both the cancer cell lines and all other compounds showed moderate to weak activity.
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